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PREECLAMPSIA & HELLP
SYNDROME
Preeclampsia is the leading cause of fetal and maternal death in
America. It is a complication of pregnancy characterized by increasing
hypertension (high blood pressure), proteinuria (protein in the
urine), and edema (swelling of body tissue due to excess fluid,
particularly in the hands and face). The condition may progress
rapidly from mild to severe, and if untreated to eclampsia. Symptoms
include: sudden weight gain, severe headaches and visual disturbances.
Preeclampsia most frequently develops during the third trimester
of pregnancy. The cause is unknown. The risk factors are pre-existing
hypertension, first pregnancy, very young or old maternal age, multiple
gestations (twins or triplets), and a prior history of preeclampsia.
HELLP (Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelet count) is
a liver dysfunction. It is often thought to be a severe complication
of eclampsia, though some authorities believe it is an independent
disease. It is most commonly associated with pregnancy-induced hypertension.
The syndrome is marked by a spectrum of characteristic abnormal
laboratory findings. Most patients report upper right quadrant pain,
tenderness, nausea, vomiting, and malaise.
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