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OVARIAN CANCER
TYPES
The following are the three main types of ovarian cancer:
- The most common form of cancer of the ovary is known as epithelial
ovarian cancer, which grows in the epithelium (lining) of
the ovaries. This ovarian cancer usually occurs in post-menopausal
women.
- Another form of cancer of the ovary is ovarian germ cell
cancer. This cancer occurs in the cells of the ovary that
produces eggs. This form of ovarian cancer is usually found in
females aged teens to early twenties. It is less common than epithelial
ovarian cancer.
- Stromal tumors start from the tissue that holds an ovary
together and produces female hormones. Stromal tumors account
for approximately 5% of ovarian tumors, making them somewhat rare.
STAGES
- Stage I: Cancer is limited to one or both ovaries.
- Stage II: Cancer has spread from ovary(ies) to other
tissue and/or organs in the pelvic region.
- Stage III: Cancer has spread from ovary(ies) to abdominal
tissues and organs such as the lining of the liver or the lymph
system.
- Stage IV: Cancer has spread further into the body such
as the inside of the liver.
PREVENTION
Like breast cancer, there is no known cause for ovarian cancer.
Therefore, there is no definite way to prevent it. Most risk factors
for developing ovarian cancer can not be changed, such as genetic
history, age, and infertility. Reducing controllable risk factors
may help lower the possibility of ovarian cancer. A low-fat, high-fiber
diet, pregnancy (before age 30) and breastfeeding may reduce the
risks. A woman with a family history of ovarian cancer may choose
to have her ovaries removed to reduce the chance of developing ovarian
cancer.
Women ages 18 - 40 should have a pelvic examination every 1
- 3 years.
Women ages 40+ should have a yearly checkup and pelvic examination.
TREATMENT
- Chemotherapy: Drugs are administered orally or intravenously
to kill cancer cells. These anti-cancer drugs reach all parts
of the body via the bloodstream. Chemotherapy is especially helpful
when the cancer has spread beyond the ovaries.
- Radiation Therapy: High dose x-rays are used to kill
cancer cells. One type of radiation therapy is similar to the
type of x-ray used to locate broken bones. Another type requires
that an implant be placed near the tumor. Radiation therapy is
rarely used in the United States for ovarian cancer.
- Surgery: One or both of the ovaries are removed, depending
on the stage of the cancer. Other female organs may also be removed
if necessary. Chemotherapy may also be utilized.
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